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      <h2><a href="./">Go by Example 中文版</a>: 结构体</h2>
      
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            <p>Go 的<em>结构体(struct)</em> 是带类型的字段(fields)集合。
这在组织数据时非常有用。</p>

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            <a href="http://play.golang.org/p/58ry4EURauk"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
          <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>

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          <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
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            <p>这里的 <code>person</code> 结构体包含了 <code>name</code> 和 <code>age</code> 两个字段。</p>

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          <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">person</span> <span class="kd">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="nx">name</span> <span class="kt">string</span>
    <span class="nx">age</span>  <span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>

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          <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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            <p>使用这个语法创建新的结构体元素。</p>

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          <div class="highlight"><pre>    <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">person</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">&quot;Bob&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">})</span>
</pre></div>

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            <p>你可以在初始化一个结构体元素时指定字段名字。</p>

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          <div class="highlight"><pre>    <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">person</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&quot;Alice&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">age</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">})</span>
</pre></div>

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            <p>省略的字段将被初始化为零值。</p>

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          <div class="highlight"><pre>    <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">person</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&quot;Fred&quot;</span><span class="p">})</span>
</pre></div>

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            <p><code>&amp;</code> 前缀生成一个结构体指针。</p>

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          <div class="highlight"><pre>    <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">person</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&quot;Ann&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">age</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">})</span>
</pre></div>

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            <p>使用<code>.</code>来访问结构体字段。</p>

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          <div class="highlight"><pre>    <span class="nx">s</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">person</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&quot;Sean&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">age</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">}</span>
    <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>

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            <p>也可以对结构体指针使用<code>.</code> - 指针会被自动解引用。</p>

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          <div class="highlight"><pre>    <span class="nx">sp</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">s</span>
    <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">sp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">age</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>

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            <p>结构体是可变(mutable)的。</p>

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          <div class="highlight"><pre>    <span class="nx">sp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">age</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">51</span>
    <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">sp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">age</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>

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          <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run structs.go
<span class="go">{Bob 20}</span>
<span class="go">{Alice 30}</span>
<span class="go">{Fred 0}</span>
<span class="go">&amp;{Ann 40}</span>
<span class="go">Sean</span>
<span class="go">50</span>
<span class="go">51</span>
</pre></div>

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